Layout of spectroscopic nanoscopy using a grating-based IS. OL, objective lens; DM, dichroic mirror; L, lens; BE, beam expander; BPF, bandpass filter; LPF, long-pass filter; TL, tube lens; M, mirror; IS, imaging spectrometer; G, grating.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Performance evaluation. (a) Layout of the spatial-beam path of the grating-based imaging spectrometer (IS). (b)–(d) Simulated spot diagrams at different wavelengths. (e) Layout of the spectral-beam path, and its magnified view. (f)–(h) Simulated spot diagrams at different wavelengths. The spectral dispersion (SD) value used in the simulation is 6 nm/pixel. The blue, green, and red colors indicate 400, 550, and 700 nm, respectively. Scale bars: 100 mm in (a) and (e), 50 μm in (b)–(d) and (f)–(h).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cross sections of simulated point-spread-functions (PSFs) for the (a)–(c) spatial- and (d)–(f) spectral-beam paths of the grating-based imaging spectrometer (IS), at different wavelengths. The blue, green, and red colors indicate 400, 550, and 700 nm, respectively.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cross sections of simulated point-spread-functions (PSFs) for the (a)–(c) spatial- and (d)–(f) spectral beam paths of the grating-based imaging spectrometer (IS) including a tube lens, at different wavelengths. The blue, green, and red colors indicate 400, 550, and 700 nm, respectively.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Beam-focus visualization. Simulated spot diagrams of the (a)–(c) spatial- and (d)–(f) spectral-beam paths, for different depth and wavelength values. The blue, green, and red colors indicate 400, 550, and 700 nm, respectively. Scale bar, 150 μm in (a)–(f).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Influence of different field distributions on calibrating a spectral image. (a) Map of field generation. (b) Relative location as a function of image height for different wavelengths, obtained from a lateral color analysis. (c) Spectral dispersion (SD) difference and (d) spectral calibration error as a function of SD. The blue, green, and red colors indicate 400, 550, and 700 nm, respectively.

Curr. Opt. Photon. 2025;9:72~79 https://doi.org/10.3807/COPP.2025.9.1.72