Schematic of the designed optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). PC, polarization controller; OC, optical coupler; PM, phase modulator; PS-FBG, phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating; ISO, isolator; PZT, piezoelectric translator; PD, photodetector; SMF, single mode fiber; EA, electrical amplifier; DIV, radio frequency power divider.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Reflection spectrum of the PS-FBG.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Frequency responses of the microwave photonic bandpass filter (MPBF). (a) The wavelength is tuned from 1,549.939 nm to 1,550.147 nm. (b) The center frequencies are 16.101 GHz and 16.226 GHz.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Output radio frequency (RF) signals of the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) at different frequency. (a) The frequency tuning in approximately 1 GHz steps from 118 MHz to 12.106 GHz. (b) The frequency tuning in approximately 1 GHz steps from 13.104 GHz to 24.092 GHz. (c) The fine frequency tuning in 125 MHz steps from 14.228 GHz to 14.853 GHz. (d) Zoomed-in view of the 18.099 GHz signal.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Output radio frequency (RF) signals of the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) under different temperatures. (a) The frequency drifts and (b) the phase noise.|@|~(^,^)~|@|Output radio frequency (RF) signals of the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with optical phase compensation. (a) The frequency drifts and (b) the phase noise.

Curr. Opt. Photon. 2022;6:634~641 https://doi.org/10.3807/COPP.2022.6.6.634