The Optical Society of Korea Code of Ethics

Science and technology have continuously contributed to the improvement of welfare and quality of life of human beings. The Optical Society of Korea (hereinafter, OSK) will contribute to the society through the development of science and technology, while conforming to the international standards and following academic ethical principles. In carrying out OSK activities, we require that all members comply with the basic norms and founding ethical spirit, as described in the followings.

I. Founding spirit

• We are dedicated to the study of science and technology for the welfare and betterment of individuals and groups, organizations and societies, and mankind.
• We try our best to increase the expertise as a researcher and to create knowledge and technology necessary to the development of human society.
• We contribute actively to the society by returning the benefits of research results and expertise.
• We try to act honestly to everything in good faith to serve for the sake of humanity.
• We do our best in order to enhance the authority and competitiveness as scientists and engineers.

II. Basic norms

• While recognizing the value and ideals of progress of knowledge, we strive to creative research activity.
• While maintaining the intellectual integrity, we respect the diversity and freedom of research.
• When using the knowledge and skills, we consider welfare and well-being of the public as the highest priority.
• We open new research results and expertise to the public and strive actively to inform the public of this by keeping close communication with the general public.
• As a member of the community, we strive actively for environmental protection and healthy development of society.
• In the midst of rapidly changing society, we try our best to be the bastion of conscience.
• When presenting our opinions on social issues, we keep the scholarly elegance and manners.
• We raise the issue of the public interests only in a way that is honest and objective.
• In research and publication activities, we do not participate in misdemeanor such as misconducts, unethical copyright infringement, plagiarism, improper citation, and wrongful manipulation of data.
• When reporting and applying research results, we fulfill the social and ethical responsibility that meets the academic conscience.
• When distributing research achievements among peers, we respect the intellectual proprietary and copyright of fellow researchers.
• We try to be careful so that individual behavior and personal statement would not be mistaken to represent that of OSK’s.

Scientists and engineers, who want to keep the membership of OSK, must agree to comply with the Code of Ethics described above.

Enacted May 2007
Amended April 2012
The Optical Society of Korea

Code of Conduct for the Optical Society of Korea Publications

Preamble

The Optical Society of Korea (hereinafter, OSK) is an academic non-profit organization composed of professionals in optics and photonics to exchange academic achievementsand to replenishthem among members. Through such activities, OSK aims to motivate research efforts of members and to enhance the status of science and technology both domestically and internationally. In order to accomplish these goals, OSK publishes journals and magazines in English and Korean,and holds the soleresponsibility for managing those publications. In order to improve the quality of papers published by OSK, we find it necessary to establish a code of conductsfor the members who are involved in publication processes. The authors, the editorial board members, and reviewers are to carry out their due activities associated with OSK publication on the basis of this code of conduct. The most basic principle of OSK publication policy is to write, review, and publish papers only based on pure academic motivation without any prejudice based on race, sex, religion, political belief, personal relationship, social status of the authors. All the members of OSK are to comply with the code of conductlisted below.

I. Author’s mandates

• The author shall describe the results, contents, and the importance of his/her researchin a concise and accurate manner.
• In a research paper, detailed descriptions shall be included so that other researchers can repeat the contents of the study. For this reason, numerical data must be presented in a way that can be compared with other studies.
• The author should providethe exact sources of information and make it available to readers when he/she quote academic resources in public domain and previous research results. The information and materials acquired personally should not be used without the consent of the original researchers.
• The authors should include all the relevant references except publicly accepted information, preliminary research that directed his/her ownstudy, and illustrations to help readers’ understanding.
• Multiple submission of a paper with the same results to different journals at the same time is an obvious fraud and it is strictly prohibited. It should be avoided to split a single research result into separate segments and submit multiple papers, which degrades the quality of papers.
• The authors should not take results of other researchers and turn them into his/her own paper, which is definite unethical plagiarism and is strictly prohibited in any case.
• The author should not do any kind of copycat imitation and false fabrication in pursuing research activities including writing proposals, planning, and execution of research projects.
• Researchers who made an important contribution and shared the responsibility and recognition of results may be listed as the co-authors. Anyone who did not contribute directly to research results shall not be listed as a co-author. Economic and administrative supports or personal academic communications should be acknowledged in a written form in the footnote or the acknowledgment.
  The authorship should meet all the criteria below and the list of criteria is as follows:
  - Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
  - Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
  - Final approval of the version to be published; AND
  - Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy
• Authors should try to avoid legal disputes of ownership and contracts occurred from the authors’publications. Formal approval by the parties of interests may be obtained if necessary.
• If an important mistake has been found in the papers to be published, it is the duty of the author to correct it, or to withdraw the paper itself.
• Authors will try to reflect the opinions of reviewers and the editorial board in the revision process. Authorsshall presentdetailed reasons and rationaleto the editorial board, if he/she disagrees with the reviews.
• In the entire process of research and paper submission, authors are to be in compliance with relevant regulations, internationally accepted norms and the code of ethics. In addition, the authors should follow the general norms and values such as environmental protection, respect for human rights, code of life science ethics, and conservation of biological diversity.
• If any fraud is found during the review process, it should be immediately reported to the OSK board of directors and the editorial board of the corresponding journal. The fraud will be announced in the journal and reported to Korea Research Foundation and related agencies. In addition, the author shouldretract the paper from the journal.
• The person who has violated this code of conduct and general ethical principles in research shall have penalty period of less than three years, during which submission of papers as either corresponding author or co-author is prohibited and further measures can be taken such as membership suspension and deprivation. If similar violation occurs again, paper submission by the person is permanently denied, and if the person is a member of OSK, he/she may be permanently expelled from the society. Other related matters will be investigated in the research ethics committee.

II. Editorial board members’ mandates

• The members of editorial board will accept or reject the submitted papers and have the authority and responsibility for the editorial processes. By closely collaborating with fellow board members and reviewers, the editorial board members will try to ensure the quality and reliability of papers being reviewed.
• The members of editorial board strive to review the paper in a fast and objective manner, and try not to delay the editorial process.
• The members of editorial board request reviews to the appropriate peers who have well recognized experts in the related field and balanced objective viewpoints.
• The members of editorial board shall not disclose the information of submitted papers and shall not use it in their own research.
• The members of editorial board should not utilize the unique information carried directly or indirectly in the paper without consent of the authors.
• In the case of conflict of interests, the members of editorial board should delegate the review responsibility to other members who are free fromany conflicts with the paper
• The members of editorial board have obligation and authority for supervision and monitoring of unethical behavior of authors and reviewers. If any misconduct has occurred, the members shouldreport it to the editor-in-chief and appropriate measures should be taken.

III. Reviewer’s mandates

• The reviewers shall hold a fair attitude as much as possible in the review process, which is the most important step in the journal publication process.
• Reviewers have a duty to evaluate the submitted paper in due time in good faith.
• If the reviewer finds himself or herself inappropriate to evaluate the assigned paper, the reviewer should report this inappropriateness to the member of editorial board who requested the review as soon as possible.
• The reviewers must handle the assigned paper in a secret manner to assure the confidentiality of the review process. When the review was made with the help of an expert other than reviewer himself or herself, this fact should be reported to the corresponding member of the editorial board. Before publication of the assigned paper, the reviewer shall not quote contents of the paper without the consent of the authors.
• Reviewers are to respect the personality and independence of the author as a fellow researcher. The review statements shall include detailed reasons for revision, which will aid the author to fulfill the requirements of journal publication. The review statements should not include any form of offensive languages and should be written with a scholarly manner.
• The reviewer should request for the author to correct inappropriate citations of prior reports and guide the author to includerelevantcitations as references in the paper. If reviewer finds any published papers in other journals similar to the assigned one, the reviewer shall notify it to the editorial board of the journal.
• If the reviewer finds conflict of interests with the assigned paper, he or she should not further process the review and immediately return it to the member of editorial board so that other appropriate reviewer can be assigned.

Enacted October 2007
Amended April 2012
Amended March 2020
The Optical Society of Korea

Rules of the Research Ethics Committee of the Optical Society of Korea

Article 1 (Purpose) The purpose of this regulation is to define matters regarding the composition and operation of the Research Ethics Committee (hereinafter referred to as the “Committee”) which deliberates all matters related to the research ethics of the Society and the Members of the Optical Society of Korea (hereinafter referred to as the “member”) in accordance with Articles 34 and 39 of the Optical Society of Korea (hereinafter referred to as “the Society”).

Article 2 (Duties) The duties of the Committee are as follows.

• Establishment and amendment of the Charter of Ethics of the Society (hereinafter referred to as the “Charter of Ethics”), the Code of Ethics of the Journals of the Society (hereinafter referred to as the “Code of Ethics”) and the Rules of the Research and Ethics Committee for the Society and the Members (hereinafter referred to as the “Rules of Ethics”).
• Deliberation and resolution of research misconduct based on the Charter of Ethics, the Code of Ethics and the Rules of Ethics.
• Other matters related to research ethics in the Society.

Article 3 (Composition) The Committee is composed of a chairperson and around five members. The chairperson and members of the Committee are appointed by the President of the Optical Society of Korea (hereinafter referred to as “the President”) with the consent of the Board of Executive Directors.

Article 4 (Convocation and Resolution of Meetings)

• (Convocation) The Committee is convened by the chairperson at the request of the President.
• (Resolution) The decision of the Committee is made by a majority of the registered members.
• (Effectiveness) The resolution of the Committee shall come into effect after the resolution of the Board of Executive Directors.

Article 5 (Deliberation and Action)

• The Committee closes the hearing within two months from the time it was formed.
• Materials on ethics must be submitted in writing, and deliberation and resolution on matters related to ethics shall be conducted only in writing. For deliberation, the Committee can consult with relevant departments in the Society, and when the materials are insufficient, supplementary materials can be submitted by the relevant persons.
• The chairperson reports the results of the deliberations and necessary actions to the President in writing.

Article 6 (Exclusion)

• When a member (including the chairperson) has a direct interest in the content of the Committee's deliberation or has a reason for which it is difficult to expect fairness, he / she cannot participate in the deliberation of the Committee.
• If a member becomes unable to participate in the deliberation of the Committee pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the chairperson may appoint a temporary member within the scope of the member for deliberation of the matter.

Article 7 (Responsibility)

• The Committee shall maintain confidentiality regarding the matters discussed.
• The Committee shall continuously strive to promote the ethical awareness of the Society and its Members.

Article 8 (Term of Office) The term of office of the chairperson and members is one year and can be reappointed.

Article 9 (Amendment) In order to amend this regulation, the consent of the Board of Directors must be obtained.

Supplementary Provisions
1. This regulation shall take effect on February 12, 2009.
2. This regulation shall take effect on August 25, 2014.